See chauffer on Wiktionary
{
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"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "chauffoir"
},
"expansion": "French chauffoir",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare French chauffoir, a kind of stove, from chauffer (“to heat”). See chafe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chauffers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "choffer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chauffer (plural chauffers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 47 11 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 38 10 3 4 5 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 44 8 2 2 3 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"A small, portable stove."
],
"id": "en-chauffer-en-noun-dprwRMg6",
"links": [
[
"stove",
"stove"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 47 11 2 2",
"kind": "other",
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],
"glosses": [
"A chafing dish."
],
"id": "en-chauffer-en-noun-0uukYUxn",
"links": [
[
"chafing dish",
"chafing dish"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "en:Chemistry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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{
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"kind": "other",
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],
"glosses": [
"A table stove or small furnace, usually a cylindrical box of sheet iron, with a grate at the bottom, and an open top."
],
"id": "en-chauffer-en-noun-6UHwC18h",
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"table",
"table"
],
[
"stove",
"stove"
],
[
"furnace",
"furnace"
],
[
"cylindrical",
"cylindrical"
],
[
"box",
"box"
],
[
"sheet",
"sheet"
],
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"grate",
"grate"
],
[
"Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary",
"w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909"
],
[
"G. & C. Merriam",
"w:Merriam-Webster"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) A table stove or small furnace, usually a cylindrical box of sheet iron, with a grate at the bottom, and an open top."
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃɔː.fə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
}
],
"word": "chauffer"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
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{
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"2": "misspelling"
},
"expansion": "chauffer",
"name": "head"
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],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "chauffeur"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Misspelling of chauffeur."
],
"id": "en-chauffer-en-noun-o3fyWH23",
"links": [
[
"chauffeur",
"chauffeur#English"
]
],
"tags": [
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"misspelling"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃɔː.fə/",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"word": "chauffer"
}
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"2": "misspelling"
},
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"name": "head"
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"pos": "verb",
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{
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{
"word": "chauffeur"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Misspelling of chauffeur."
],
"id": "en-chauffer-en-verb-o3fyWH23",
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]
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{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃɔː.fə/",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"word": "chauffer"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chauffage"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chauffe-eau"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chauffer à blanc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chaufferette"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chaufferie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chauffeur"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chauffoir"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "de quel bois quelqu'un se chauffe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "réchauffer"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "frm:chauffer<ety:inh<fro:chaufer>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti\nProto-Italic *kalēō\nLatin caleō\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁k-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *dʰh₁kyéti\nProto-Italic *θakjō\nProto-Italic *fakjō\nLatin faciō\nLatin calefaciō\nClassical Latin calfaciō\nVulgar Latin *calfō\nOld French chaufer\nMiddle French chauffer\nFrench chauffer\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kalēō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"caleō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"to make\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to make\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*θakjō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*dʰh₁kyéti\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"do\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰeh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰeh₁k-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*fakjō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"faciō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"calefaciō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Classical Latin\", \"term\" : \"calfaciō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-cla\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*calfō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"chaufer\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"chauffer\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"chauffer\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"chauffer\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "chauffer",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French chauffer",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "chauffer"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French chauffer",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chauffer,chaufer"
},
"expansion": "Old French chauffer, chaufer",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "*calfō",
"4": "*calfāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *calfāre",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la-cla",
"3": "calefaciō",
"4": "cal(e)facere"
},
"expansion": "Classical Latin cal(e)facere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "caufar"
},
"expansion": "Occitan caufar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "calfar"
},
"expansion": "Catalan calfar",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti\nProto-Italic *kalēō\nLatin caleō\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁k-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *dʰh₁kyéti\nProto-Italic *θakjō\nProto-Italic *fakjō\nLatin faciō\nLatin calefaciō\nClassical Latin calfaciō\nVulgar Latin *calfō\nOld French chaufer\nMiddle French chauffer\nFrench chauffer\nInherited from Middle French chauffer, from Old French chauffer, chaufer, from Vulgar Latin *calfāre, from Classical Latin cal(e)facere. Compare Occitan caufar, calfar, Catalan calfar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fr-conj-auto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffant",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fɑ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ayant + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffé",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffe",
"ipa": "/ʃof/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffes",
"ipa": "/ʃof/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffe",
"ipa": "/ʃof/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffons",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffez",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffent",
"ipa": "/ʃof/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffais",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffais",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffait",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffions",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffiez",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffaient",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffai",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffas",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffa",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffâmes",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fam/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffâtes",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffèrent",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fɛʁ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferai",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferas",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffera",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferons",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferez",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferont",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferais",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferais",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferait",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferions",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fə.ʁjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferiez",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fə.ʁje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferaient",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffe",
"ipa": "/ʃof/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffes",
"ipa": "/ʃof/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffe",
"ipa": "/ʃof/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffions",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffiez",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffent",
"ipa": "/ʃof/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffasse",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffasses",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffât",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffassions",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fa.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffassiez",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fa.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffassent",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffe",
"ipa": "/ʃof/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffons",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffez",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chauffer",
"name": "fr-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fr-conj-auto"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 27 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 27 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 14 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 20 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 33 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 31 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 33 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to heat, warm, warm up"
],
"id": "en-chauffer-fr-verb-ylTw7cnC",
"links": [
[
"heat",
"heat"
],
[
"warm",
"warm"
],
[
"warm up",
"warm up"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to tease, entice sexually; to arouse"
],
"id": "en-chauffer-fr-verb-IelAZFsI",
"links": [
[
"tease",
"tease"
],
[
"entice",
"entice"
],
[
"arouse",
"arouse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) to tease, entice sexually; to arouse"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "allumer"
},
{
"word": "aguicher"
}
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Quebec French",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to drive (a vehicle)"
],
"id": "en-chauffer-fr-verb-EYo3erVw",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Quebec) to drive (a vehicle)"
],
"tags": [
"Quebec"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃo.fe/"
},
{
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"tags": [
"Lyon",
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "Fr-chauffer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/Fr-chauffer.ogg/Fr-chauffer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Fr-chauffer.ogg",
"tags": [
"Paris",
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-chauffer.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-chauffer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-chauffer.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-chauffer.wav",
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"tags": [
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},
{
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"tags": [
"Vosges",
"France"
]
}
],
"word": "chauffer"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fro-conj-er",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir chauffé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "en chauffant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chauf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffoie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffeie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffoe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffeve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffoies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffeies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffoes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffeves",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffoit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffeit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffot",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffeve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffiiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffiiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffoient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffeient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffoent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffevent",
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"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffames",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffastes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffera",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferoiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffereiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferont",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferoie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffereie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferoies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffereies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferoit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffereit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferiiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferiiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferoient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffereient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "chauf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chaus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chaut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffasse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffasses",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffissons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffissiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffissoiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffissez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffissiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffassent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "chauffer",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fro-conj-er"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "chaufer"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French verbs ending in -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French verbs with weak-a preterite",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
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},
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"name": "Pages with entries",
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],
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"chaufer",
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}
],
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"etymology_number": "1",
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"2": "fr",
"3": "chauffoir"
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"expansion": "French chauffoir",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare French chauffoir, a kind of stove, from chauffer (“to heat”). See chafe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chauffers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
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}
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],
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]
},
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],
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]
},
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],
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"table"
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[
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[
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[
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"w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909"
],
[
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],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
"topics": [
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"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
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"tags": [
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}
],
"word": "chauffer"
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{
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{
"word": "chauffeur"
}
],
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],
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],
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],
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}
],
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}
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{
"word": "chauffeur"
}
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],
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],
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],
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}
],
"word": "chauffer"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French entries with etymology trees",
"French entries with etymon",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French first group verbs",
"French lemmas",
"French terms derived from Classical Latin",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱleh₁-",
"French terms inherited from Classical Latin",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French verbs",
"French verbs with conjugation -er",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chauffage"
},
{
"word": "chauffe-eau"
},
{
"word": "chauffer à blanc"
},
{
"word": "chaufferette"
},
{
"word": "chaufferie"
},
{
"word": "chauffeur"
},
{
"word": "chauffoir"
},
{
"word": "de quel bois quelqu'un se chauffe"
},
{
"word": "réchauffer"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "frm:chauffer<ety:inh<fro:chaufer>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti\nProto-Italic *kalēō\nLatin caleō\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁k-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *dʰh₁kyéti\nProto-Italic *θakjō\nProto-Italic *fakjō\nLatin faciō\nLatin calefaciō\nClassical Latin calfaciō\nVulgar Latin *calfō\nOld French chaufer\nMiddle French chauffer\nFrench chauffer\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kalēō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"caleō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"to make\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to make\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*θakjō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*dʰh₁kyéti\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"do\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰeh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰeh₁k-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*fakjō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"faciō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"calefaciō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Classical Latin\", \"term\" : \"calfaciō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-cla\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*calfō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"chaufer\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"chauffer\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"chauffer\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"chauffer\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "chauffer",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French chauffer",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "chauffer"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French chauffer",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chauffer,chaufer"
},
"expansion": "Old French chauffer, chaufer",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "*calfō",
"4": "*calfāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *calfāre",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la-cla",
"3": "calefaciō",
"4": "cal(e)facere"
},
"expansion": "Classical Latin cal(e)facere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "caufar"
},
"expansion": "Occitan caufar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "calfar"
},
"expansion": "Catalan calfar",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti\nProto-Italic *kalēō\nLatin caleō\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁k-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *dʰh₁kyéti\nProto-Italic *θakjō\nProto-Italic *fakjō\nLatin faciō\nLatin calefaciō\nClassical Latin calfaciō\nVulgar Latin *calfō\nOld French chaufer\nMiddle French chauffer\nFrench chauffer\nInherited from Middle French chauffer, from Old French chauffer, chaufer, from Vulgar Latin *calfāre, from Classical Latin cal(e)facere. Compare Occitan caufar, calfar, Catalan calfar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fr-conj-auto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffant",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fɑ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"multiword-construction",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffé",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffe",
"ipa": "/ʃof/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffes",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffe",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffons",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffez",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffent",
"ipa": "/ʃof/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffais",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffais",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffait",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffions",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffiez",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffaient",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffai",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffas",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffa",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffâmes",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fam/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffâtes",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffèrent",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fɛʁ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferai",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferas",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffera",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferons",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferez",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferont",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferais",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferais",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferait",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferions",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fə.ʁjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferiez",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fə.ʁje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferaient",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffe",
"ipa": "/ʃof/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffes",
"ipa": "/ʃof/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffe",
"ipa": "/ʃof/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffions",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffiez",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffent",
"ipa": "/ʃof/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffasse",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffasses",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffât",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffassions",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fa.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffassiez",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fa.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffassent",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffe",
"ipa": "/ʃof/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffons",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffez",
"ipa": "/ʃo.fe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chauffer",
"name": "fr-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fr-conj-auto"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to heat, warm, warm up"
],
"links": [
[
"heat",
"heat"
],
[
"warm",
"warm"
],
[
"warm up",
"warm up"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French slang"
],
"glosses": [
"to tease, entice sexually; to arouse"
],
"links": [
[
"tease",
"tease"
],
[
"entice",
"entice"
],
[
"arouse",
"arouse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) to tease, entice sexually; to arouse"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "allumer"
},
{
"word": "aguicher"
}
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Quebec French"
],
"glosses": [
"to drive (a vehicle)"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Quebec) to drive (a vehicle)"
],
"tags": [
"Quebec"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃo.fe/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-chauffer.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-chauffer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-chauffer.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-chauffer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-chauffer.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Lyon",
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "Fr-chauffer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/Fr-chauffer.ogg/Fr-chauffer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Fr-chauffer.ogg",
"tags": [
"Paris",
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-chauffer.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-chauffer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-chauffer.wav.mp3",
"note": "Shawinigan",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-chauffer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-chauffer.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-chauffer.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-chauffer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-chauffer.wav.mp3",
"note": "Somain",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-chauffer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-chauffer.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-chauffer.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-chauffer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-chauffer.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-chauffer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-chauffer.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Vosges",
"France"
]
}
],
"word": "chauffer"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fro-conj-er",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir chauffé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "en chauffant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chauf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffoie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffeie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffoe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffeve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffoies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffeies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffoes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffeves",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffoit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffeit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffot",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffeve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffiiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffiiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffoient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffeient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffoent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffevent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffames",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffastes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffera",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferoiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffereiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferont",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferoie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffereie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferoies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffereies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferoit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffereit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferiiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferiiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaufferoient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffereient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "chauf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chaus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chaut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffasse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffasses",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffissons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffissiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffissoiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffissez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffissiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffassent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chauffez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "chauffer",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fro-conj-er"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "chaufer"
}
],
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French first group verbs",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French verbs",
"Old French verbs ending in -er",
"Old French verbs with weak-a preterite",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of chaufer"
],
"links": [
[
"chaufer",
"chaufer#Old_French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "chauffer"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chauffer meaning in All languages combined (30.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.